![]() It is organized into neurochemical models of paranormal experience (section 1),įield reports of intentional and spontaneous phenomena incorporating anthropological, historicalĪnd clinical cases, and personal accounts (section 2), surveys of paranormal belief and experience Phytochemistry, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychopharmacology, and neurobiology, particularly Means exhaustively, from parapsychology as well as transpersonal studies, anthropology, ethnobotany, To psychoactive drugs within the parapsychological literature. Psychokinesis (PK), aura vision, encounter experiences,Īnd sleep paralysis only make a very limited contribution to this review as they are seldom related (OBEs) and near-death experiences (NDEs). ![]() Perception (ESP)-telepathy, precognition, and clairvoyance-as well as out-of-body experiences It is primarily concerned with extrasensory Phenomena falling within the study of parapsychology. This paper investigates the relationship between psychoactive substances and so-called paranormal In fact, this hypothesis is an implication of an original model that we develop to interpret hallucinations which are extremely miraculous and perplexing in altered states of consciousness (ASC): When false internal stimulations and external objective stimulations affect perception together, the changes in their relative strength will result in the consistence, breakdown and re-consistence of the five senses, leading to three basic states of hallucinations (one can distinguish reality from illusion, one cannot distinguish reality from illusion, and reality and illusion are totally reversed). In this situation, since he cannot find the counterpart in the imaginary world, one would naturally treat the inconsistent and “unexplainable” external stimulation as information acquired through psychic abilities such as clairaudience, clairvoyance or telepathy. ESP occurs because there are two pathways through which to affect perception, and the essence of ESP is that false internal stimulations are mistaken as external objective stimulations which enter through sensory organs, while real external objective stimulations are mistaken as perceptions which do not result from sensory organs when one is in deep hallucinations. ![]() This chapter proposes a novel hypothesis to interpret extrasensory perception (ESP).
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